what country controlled territory to the north of the us boundary quizlet
Coordinates: 60°North 100°Eastward / sixty°N 100°E / threescore; 100
 | |
| Continent | Europe and Asia |
|---|---|
| Region | Eastern Europe (European Russia) Northern Asia (Siberia) |
| Coordinates | 60°00′00″N 100°00′00″E / 60.000°North 100.000°Eastward / lx.000; 100.000 |
| Area | Ranked 1st |
| • Total | 17,125,192[a] kmii (6,612,074 sq mi) |
| • Land | 95.78% |
| • Water | four.22% |
| Coastline | 37,654 km (23,397 mi) |
| Borders | Poland 204.ane km (126.8 mi) Republic of lithuania 266 km (165 mi) |
| Highest indicate | Mountain Elbrus v,642 m (18,510 ft) |
| Lowest point | Caspian Body of water, −28 m (−92 ft) |
| Longest river | Yenisei–Angara–Selenge, v,539 km (3,442 mi) |
| Largest lake | Lake Baikal 31,722 kmii (12,248 sq mi) |
| Climate | European Russia and Siberia: generally absurd climate Extreme northward: tundra Extreme southeast: temperate continental |
| Terrain | Almost of Russia consists of two plains (the East European Evidently and the West Siberian Plain), two lowlands (the North Siberian and the Kolyma, in far northeastern Siberia), ii plateaus (the Central Siberian Plateau and the Lena Plateau to its e), and a serial of mountainous areas mainly concentrated in the extreme northeast or extending intermittently along the southern border. |
| Natural resources | Oil, gas, coal, timber, metals, diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, nickel, tin, mercury, aureate, silver, platinum, titanium, manganese, potash, uranium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, polymetals, chromium, phosphates, apatites, talc, asbestos, mica, salt, bister, precious and semiprecious stones, sand, clay, limestone, marble, granite, atomic number 26 ore, abundant land, tobacco, tea, citrus fruit, hydroelectricity, fresh water, fruits, and vegetables. |
| Natural hazards | Earthquakes, landslides, storms, hurricanes, forest fires, and floods. |
| Environmental problems | Deforestation, energy irresponsibility, pollution, and radioactive waste. |
| Exclusive economical zone | seven,566,673 kmtwo (ii,921,509 sq mi) |
Russian federation (Russian: Россия) is the largest state in the earth, covering over 17,125,192 km2 (6,612,074 sq mi), and encompassing more than one-8th of Earth's inhabited land area. Russian federation extends across xi time zones, and has the most borders of any state in the world, with sixteen sovereign nations.[c]
Russia is a transcontinental land stretching vastly over two continents, Europe and Asia.[i] It spans the northernmost border of Eurasia, and has the world's quaternary-longest coastline, at 37,653 km (23,396 mi).[d] [3] Russia, alongside Canada, is one of the world'due south only 2 countries with a coast along three oceans,[e] [1] due to which it has links with over xiii marginal seas.[f] [4] It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° Due east and 169° W. Russia is larger than 3 continents of the earth,[g] and has the same surface surface area equally Pluto.[6]
Global position and boundaries [edit]
Kaliningrad Oblast, westernmost office of Russia along the Baltic Sea, is about 9,000 km (v,600 mi) apart from its easternmost part, Big Diomede Isle in the Bering Strait.[four] This distance spans about 6,800 kilometres (4,200 mi), to Nome, Alaska.[ clarification needed ] From north to south, the country ranges from the northern tip of the Russian Chill islands at Franz Josef State to the southern tip of the Republic of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea, spanning about iv,500 kilometres (2,800 mi) of extremely varied, often inhospitable terrain.
Extending for 57,792 kilometres (35,910 mi), the Russian border is the world's longest. Along the 20,139-kilometre state frontier, Russian federation has boundaries with xiv countries: Poland and Lithuania (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Kingdom of norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Republic of belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of Cathay, Mongolia, and North korea.
Approximately two-thirds of the borderland is bounded by seawater. Virtually all of the lengthy northern coast is well above the Chill Circle; except for the port of Murmansk—which receives currents that are somewhat warmer than would be expected at that latitude, due to the effects of the Gulf Stream—that declension is locked in ice much of the yr. Thirteen seas and parts of two oceans—the Chill and Pacific—wash Russian shores. It is separated by close sea, making it a maritime boundary. It also shares one with Japan.
Administrative and territorial divisions [edit]
With a few changes of status, most of the Soviet Union's administrative and territorial divisions of the Russian Republic were retained in constituting the Russian Federation. As of 2014, in that location are lxxx-five administrative territorial divisions (called federal subjects): twenty-ii republics, nine krais (territories), 40-vi oblasts (provinces), one autonomous oblast, four autonomous okrugs, and iii cities with federal status, namely the cities of Moscow, Petrograd, and Sevastopol.
The republics include a broad diverseness of peoples, including northern Europeans, Tatars, Caucasus peoples, and indigenous Siberians. The largest federal subjects are in Siberia. Located in east-central Siberia, the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the largest federal subject area in the country (and the largest country subdivision in the earth), twice the size of Alaska. 2d in size is Krasnoyarsk Krai, located west of Sakha in Siberia. Kaliningrad Oblast, which is a noncontiguous elective entity of Russian federation, is the smallest oblast. The Commonwealth of Ingushetia is both the smallest democracy and the smallest federal discipline of Russian federation except for the iii federal cities. The 2 most populous federal subjects, Moscow Oblast (with Moscow) and Krasnodar Krai, are in European Russia.
Man geography [edit]
Demographics [edit]
Russia had a population of 142.8 million co-ordinate to the 2010 demography,[vii] which rose to 146.ii one thousand thousand as of 2021 following the annexation of Crimea in 2014.[eight] It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous land in the world; with a population density of 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per foursquare mile).[9]
Urban areas [edit]
-
Moscow, the uppercase and largest city of Russia
Russian federation is one of the earth's most urbanized countries, with roughly 75% of its total population living in urban areas.[x] Moscow, the majuscule and largest urban center, has a population estimated at 12.iv million residents within the city limits,[11] while over 17 1000000 residents in the urban surface area,[12] and over 20 million residents in the metropolitan area.[13] Moscow is among the world'south largest cities, being the most populous metropolis entirely inside Europe, the well-nigh populous urban area in Europe,[12] the virtually populous metropolitan area in Europe,[13] and also the largest city past land area on the European continent.[14] Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital, is the 2nd-largest city, with a population of roughly five.4 one thousand thousand inhabitants.[15] Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk.
| Largest cities or towns in Russia Rosstat (2016 [16] [17]/2017) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Federal subject | Pop. | Rank | Proper name | Federal subject | Pop. | ||
 Moscow  Leningrad | 1 | Moscow | Moscow | [18]12,381,000 | 11 | Rostov-na-Donu | Rostov Oblast | i,120,000 |  Novosibirsk  Yekaterinburg |
| ii | Saint petersburg | Saint Petersburg | [18]five,282,000 | 12 | Krasnoyarsk | Krasnoyarsk Krai | [19]1,084,000 | ||
| 3 | Novosibirsk | Novosibirsk Oblast | [20]1,603,000 | 13 | Perm | Perm Krai | 1,042,000 | ||
| 4 | Yekaterinburg | Sverdlovsk Oblast | [21]1,456,000 | 14 | Voronezh | Voronezh Oblast | 1,032,000 | ||
| 5 | Nizhny Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | i,267,000 | fifteen | Volgograd | Volgograd Oblast | i,016,000 | ||
| 6 | Kazan | Tatarstan | [22]1,232,000 | 16 | Krasnodar | Krasnodar Krai | [23]881,000 | ||
| seven | Chelyabinsk | Chelyabinsk Oblast | [24]1,199,000 | 17 | Saratov | Saratov Oblast | 843,000 | ||
| 8 | Omsk | Omsk Oblast | [25]one,178,000 | 18 | Tolyatti | Samara Oblast | [26]711,000 | ||
| 9 | Samara | Samara Oblast | [26]1,170,000 | nineteen | Izhevsk | Udmurtia | [27]646,000 | ||
| 10 | Ufa | Bashkortostan | [28]1,126,000 | 20 | Ulyanovsk | Ulyanovsk Oblast | 622,000 | ||
Physiography and hydrography [edit]
Geographers traditionally divide the vast territory of Russia into five natural zones: the tundra zone; the Taiga, or forest, zone; the steppe, or plains, zone; the arid zone; and the mountain zone. Nigh of Russia consists of two plains (the East European Patently and the West Siberian Evidently), three lowlands (the Northward Siberian, the Central Yakutian and the East Siberian), 2 plateaus (the Cardinal Siberian Plateau and the Lena Plateau), and 2 systems of mountainous areas (the East Siberian Mountains in far northeastern Siberia and the S Siberian Mountains along the southern border).
Ecoregions [edit]
-
desert
tundra
alpine tundra
taiga
forest
temperate broadleaf forest
temperate steppe
steppe -
Due east European plain [edit]
The Due east European Plain encompasses most of European Russia. The West Siberian Obviously, which is the earth's largest, extends east from the Urals to the Yenisei River. Because the terrain and vegetation are relatively uniform in each of the natural zones, Russia presents an illusion of uniformity. Still, Russian territory contains all the major vegetation zones of the globe except a tropical rain forest.
Icecaps [edit]
Map of the Russian Arctic
The Russian Arctic stretches for close to 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) westward to eastward, from Karelia and the Kola Peninsula to Nenetsia, the Gulf of Ob, the Taymyr Peninsula and the Chukchi Peninsula (Kolyma, Anadyr River, Cape Dezhnev). Russian islands and archipelagos in the Arctic Sea include Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, and the New Siberian Islands.
About 10 percent of Russia is tundra[29]—a treeless, marshy plain. The tundra is Russia's northernmost zone, stretching from the Finnish border in the west to the Bering Strait in the eastward, so running south along the Pacific coast to the northern Kamchatka Peninsula. The zone is known for its herds of wild reindeer, for so-called white nights (dusk at midnight, dawn shortly thereafter) in summer, and for days of total darkness in winter. The long, harsh winters and lack of sunshine let only mosses, lichens, and dwarf willows and shrubs to sprout depression above the barren permafrost. Although several powerful Siberian rivers traverse this zone as they flow north to the Arctic Body of water, partial and intermittent thawing hamper drainage of the numerous lakes, ponds, and swamps of the tundra. Frost weathering is the most important physical process here, gradually shaping a mural that was severely modified past glaciation in the concluding ice age. Less than one pct of Russia'southward population lives in this zone. The fishing and port industries of the northwestern Kola Peninsula and the huge oil and gas fields of northwestern Siberia are the largest employers in the tundra. With a population of 180,000, the industrial frontier metropolis of Norilsk is second in population to Murmansk among Russian federation's settlements above the Arctic Circle. From hither y'all can as well encounter the auroras (northern lights).
Taiga [edit]
Taiga, the most extensive natural expanse of Russia, stretches from the western borders of Russia to the Pacific. It occupies the territory of the Eastern Europe and West Siberian plains to the north of ° N and about of the territory e of Yenisei River taiga forests reach the southern borders of Russia in Siberia taiga only accounts for over threescore% of Russia. In the north–south direction the eastern taiga is divided (e of the Yenisei River), with a continental climate, and west, with a milder climate, in general, the climate zone is moist, moderately warm (cool in the north) in the summertime and harsh winter, there is a steady snow cover in the wintertime. In the latitudinal management, the taiga is divided into iii subzones - northern, middle and southern taiga. In the western taiga dense spruce and fir forests on wetlands alternate with pine forests, shrubs, and meadows on the lighter soils. Such vegetation is typical of the eastern taiga, but it plays an important role non fir and larch. Coniferous wood, however, does non form a continuous array and sparse areas of birch, alder, willow (mainly in river valleys), the wetlands - marshes. Within the taiga are widespread fur-begetting animals - sable, marten, ermine, moose, chocolate-brown bear, Wolverine, wolf, and muskrat.[xxx]
In the taiga is dominated by podzolic and cryogenic taiga soils, characterized by clearly defined horizontal construction (only in the southern taiga there is sod-podzolic soil). Formed in a leaching regime and in poor humus. Groundwater is commonly plant in the forest shut to the surface, washing calcium from the upper layers, resulting in the top layer of soil of the taiga being discolored and oxidized. Few areas of the taiga, suitable for farming, are located mainly in the European function of Russia. Big areas are occupied by sphagnum marshes (here is dominated by podzolic-boggy soil). To enrich the soil for agronomical purposes lime and other fertilizers should be used.
Russian Taiga has the world's largest reserves of coniferous forest, but from year to year - equally a upshot of intensive logging - they decrease. Development of hunting, farming (mainly in river valleys).
Mixed and deciduous forests [edit]
The mixed and deciduous woods chugalug is triangular, widest along the western border and narrower towards the Ural Mountains. The main copse are Oak and Spruce, merely many other growths of vegetation such as ash, aspen, birch, hornbeam, maple, and pine reside there. Separating the taiga from the wooded steppe is a narrow belt of birch and aspen woodland located eastward of the Urals equally far every bit the Altay Mountains. Much of the forested zone has been cleared for agriculture, especially in European Russian federation. Wildlife is more scarce equally a event of this, only the roe deer, wolf, fox, and squirrel are very mutual.
Steppe [edit]
The steppe has long been depicted as the typical Russian landscape. It is a wide band of treeless, grassy plains, interrupted by mountain ranges, extending from Hungary across Ukraine, southern Russia, and Kazakhstan before ending in Manchuria. In a state of extremes, the steppe zone provides the most favorable conditions for human being settlement and agriculture considering of its moderate temperatures and normally acceptable levels of sunshine and moisture. Fifty-fifty here, however, agricultural yields are sometimes adversely affected by unpredictable levels of precipitation and occasional catastrophic droughts. The soil is very dry.
Topography [edit]
Russian federation's mount ranges are located principally along its continental dip (the Ural Mountains), along the southwestern edge (the Caucasus), along the border with Mongolia (the eastern and western Sayan Mountains and the western extremity of the Altay Mountains), and in eastern Siberia (a complex system of ranges in the northeastern corner of the state and forming the spine of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and lesser mountains extending forth the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan). Russia has nine major mountain ranges. In general, the eastern half of the country is much more mountainous than the western half, the interior of which is dominated past low plains. The traditional dividing line between the due east and the west is the Yenisei River valley. In delineating the western edge of the Central Siberian Plateau from the West Siberian Plain, the Yenisey runs from near the Mongolian border due north into the Arctic Sea west of the Taymyr Peninsula.
Ural Mountains [edit]
The Ural Mountains form the natural boundary between Europe and Asia; the range extends nearly 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi) from the Chill Bounding main to the northern border of Kazakhstan. Several low passes provide major transportation routes through the Urals eastward from Europe. The highest elevation, Mountain Narodnaya, is 1,894 metres (6,214 ft). The Urals also contain valuable deposits of minerals.
Due west Siberian Plain [edit]
To the east of the Urals is the Westward Siberian Plain, stretching most ane,900 kilometers from w to east and about 2,400 kilometers from north to south. With more than half its territory below 200 meters in elevation, the plain contains some of the world's largest swamps and floodplains. Most of the plain's population lives in the drier section south of 77 n latitude.
Central Siberian plateau [edit]
The region directly eastward of the West Siberian Plain is the Cardinal Siberian Plateau, which extends e from the Yenisei River valley to the Lena River valley. The region is divided into several plateaus, with elevations ranging between 320 and 740 meters; the highest superlative is about 1,800 meters, in the northern Putoran Mountains. The plain is divisional on the south past the Primorsky Range and the Baikal Mountains, and on the n by the Northward Siberian Lowland, an extension of the West Siberian Plain extending into the Taymyr Peninsula on the Arctic Ocean.
Sayan and Stanovoy Mountains [edit]
In the mountain organisation west of Lake Baikal in south-fundamental Siberia, the highest elevations are 3,300 meters in the Western Sayan, 3,200 meters in the Eastern Sayan, and four,500 meters at Belukha Mountain in the Altay Mountains. The Eastern Sayan reach virtually to the southern shore of Lake Baikal; at the lake, there is an elevation difference of more than 4,500 meters between the nearest mount, 2,840 meters loftier, and the deepest part of the lake, which is i,700 meters below bounding main level. The mountain systems east of Lake Baikal are lower, forming a complex of minor ranges and valleys that reaches from the lake to the Pacific declension. The maximum peak of the Stanovoy Range, which runs westward to east from northern Lake Baikal to the Body of water of Okhotsk, is two,550 meters. To the south of that range is southeastern Siberia, whose mountains accomplish 800 meters. Across the Strait of Tartary from that region is Sakhalin Isle, Russia's largest island, where the highest acme is about 1,700 meters. The modest Moneron Isle, the site of the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flight 007, is found to its west.
Caucasus Mountains [edit]
Truly alpine terrain appears in the southern mount ranges. Between the Black and Caspian seas, the Caucasus Mountains rise to impressive heights, forming a boundary between Europe and Asia. 1 of the peaks, Mount Elbrus, is the highest point in Europe, at five,642 meters. The geological structure of the Caucasus extends to the northwest as the Crimean and Carpathian Mountains and southeastward into Primal Asia as the Tian Shan and Pamirs. The Caucasus Mountains create an imposing natural barrier betwixt Russia and its neighbors to the southwest, Georgia and Azerbaijan.
Northeast Siberia and Kamchatka [edit]
Northeastern Siberia, north of the Stanovoy Range, is an extremely mountainous region. The long Kamchatka Peninsula, which juts southward into the Sea of Okhotsk, includes many volcanic peaks, some of which are still agile. The highest is the 4,750-meter Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the highest bespeak in the Russian Far East. The volcanic chain continues from the southern tip of Kamchatka southward through the Kuril Islands concatenation and into Japan. Kamchatka too is one of Russia's ii centers of seismic activeness (the other is the Caucasus). In 1995, a major convulsion largely destroyed the oil-processing town of Neftegorsk. Also located in this region is the very large Beyenchime-Salaatin crater.
Drainage [edit]
Russia, habitation to over 100,000 rivers,[i] is divided into twenty watershed districts. Information technology has one of the world's largest surface h2o resources, with its lakes containing approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water.[31] Russian federation is 2nd only to Brazil by total renewable water resources.[32]
Forty of Russia's rivers longer than 1,000 kilometers are e of the Ural Mountains, including the three major rivers that drain Siberia as they flow northward to the Arctic Sea: the Irtysh-Ob system (totaling 5,380 kilometers), the Yenisey (v,075 kilometers), and the Lena (4,294 kilometers), they are amongst the world's longest rivers.[33] The basins of those river systems comprehend most eight million foursquare kilometers, discharging most 50,000 cubic meters of h2o per second into the Arctic Ocean. The northward flow of these rivers means that source areas thaw earlier the areas downstream, creating vast swamps such as the 48,000-square-kilometer Vasyugan Swamp in the centre of the Westward Siberian Plain. The same is true of other river systems, including the Pechora and the Northern Dvina in western Russian federation, and the Kolyma and the Indigirka in Siberia. Approximately 10 percent of Russian territory is classified as swampland.
Russia's inland bodies of water are chiefly a legacy of extensive glaciation. Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russia are two of the largest lakes in Europe.[1] However, Lake Baikal is the largest and most prominent amongst Russia's fresh water bodies, is the world's deepest, purest, oldest and most capacious fresh h2o lake, containing over one-fifth of the earth's fresh surface h2o.[34] Numerous smaller lakes dot northern Russia and Siberian plains. The largest of these are lakes Belozero, Topozero, Vygozero, and Ilmen in the country's northwest and Lake Chany in southwestern Siberia.
A number of other rivers drain Siberia from eastern mountain ranges into the Pacific Bounding main. The Amur River and its main tributary, the Ussuri, class a long stretch of the winding boundary between Russia and Mainland china. The Amur system drains nigh of southeastern Siberia. 3 basins drain European Russia. The Dnieper, which flows mainly through Belarus and Ukraine, has its headwaters in the hills west of Moscow. The 1,860-kilometer Don, which is the fifth-longest river in Europe, originates in the Fundamental Russian Upland due south of Moscow and so flows into the Body of water of Azov at Rostov-on-Don. The Volga, widely seen as Russia's national river due to its historical and cultural importance, is the longest river in Europe,[33] it rises in the Valdai Hills west of Moscow and meandering southeastward for iii,510 kilometers before emptying into the Caspian Sea. Altogether, the Volga system drains near 1.four million square kilometers. Linked past several canals, western Russia's rivers long accept been a vital transportation system; the Volga remains the country's most commercial river, and carries nigh 2-thirds of Russian federation's inland water traffic.
Agronomics geography [edit]
One billion acres of country is arable in Russia, but simply about 0.1 pct is permanent agriculture.[35] The landscapes of region have extremely varied environments because of the following:
- Tundra landscapes comprehend most of the region, where conditions are harsh because of the cold climates, and plant life is not very well supported to grow because of the harsh weather condition. This has become a problem, as the unfavorable atmospheric condition make agronomics more hard.
- Mountain ranges are spread through the region, such every bit the Ural Mountains, which have become the dividing line between European Russia and Eurasian Russia.
- European Russia also has the European plains which extend almost two,000 miles.
The workforce involved in agriculture workforce was reported to be most 9.4% of the population in 2016.[36]
The chief export of Russia is grain, which is nigh 6% of the world trade. Other exported products include fish and oil with 3%, meals with 2%, and meat which accounts for less than 1%.[37]
Pre-industrial agriculture [edit]
Agronomics has always been important for Russia. The state was worked by its peasant form.[38]
Climate [edit]
The sheer size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the boiling continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. Mountains in the south and east obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian and Pacific oceans, while the plain of the w and north makes the land open to Chill and Atlantic influences. Most of Northwest Russian federation and Siberia has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Common cold is located with the record depression temperature of −71.2 °C or −96.2 °F),[40] and more moderate winters elsewhere. Russia's vast stretch of land along the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic islands have a polar climate.[41]
The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Ocean, most notably Sochi, and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and moisture winters. In many regions of East Siberia and the Russian Far Due east, winter is dry compared to summertime; while other parts of the country feel more fifty-fifty precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation in nigh parts of the country commonly falls as snow. The westernmost parts of Kaliningrad Oblast on the Vistula Spit, and some parts in the s of Krasnodar Krai and the N Caucasus have an oceanic climate. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, besides as some southernmost silvers of Siberia, possess a semi-arid climate.[39]
Throughout much of the territory, there are merely two distinct seasons—winter and summer—equally spring and autumn are usually brief periods of modify between extremely low and extremely high temperatures.[41] The coldest month is January (February on the coastline); the warmest is ordinarily July. Great ranges of temperature are typical. In wintertime, temperatures get colder both from due south to n and from w to due east. Summers can exist quite hot, fifty-fifty in Siberia.[42]
Area and boundaries [edit]
Area (excluding Crimea):
- Total: 17,098,242 km2
- Land: 17,021,900 km2
- Water: 79,400 km2
Area - comparative:
Slightly larger than twice the size of Brazil
State boundaries:
- Total (excluding Crimea): 19,917 km
Kaliningrad forms the westernmost part of Russia, having no land connection to the residue of the country. It is bounded by Poland, Lithuania, and the Baltic Sea.
Crimea, a peninsula on the Black Bounding main, is claimed and de facto administered by the Russian federation since Russia annexed it in March 2014. Information technology is recognized as a territory of Ukraine by most of the international community.
Border countries:
| Country | Length (km) |
|---|---|
| Norway | 195.8 |
| Finland | 1,271.8 |
| Estonia | 138 |
| Latvia | 270.5 |
| Republic of lithuania | 266 |
| Poland | 204.1 |
| Belarus | 1,239 |
| Ukraine | ane,925.viii |
| Georgia | 875.5 |
| Azerbaijan | 372.6 |
| Republic of kazakhstan | vii,512.viii |
| Mongolia | 3,485 |
| China | 4,209.3 |
| North korea | 17 |
| Japan | water |
| US | water |
| Country | Length (km) |
|---|---|
| Abkhazia | 255.4 |
| Due south Ossetia | 70 |
| remaining border with Georgia | 365 |
Coastline excluding Crimea: 37,653 km (23,396 mi)
Maritime claims:
- Russian continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
- Exclusive economical zone: 7,566,673 kmtwo (ii,921,509 sq mi) with 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)
- Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.eight mi)
Elevation extremes:
- Lowest point: Caspian Bounding main: −28 m
- Highest bespeak: Mount Elbrus: v,642 m
Natural resources and land employ [edit]
Russia holds the greatest reserves of mineral resources of any country in the world. Though they are arable, they are in remote areas with extreme climates, making them expensive to mine. The country is the most abundant in mineral fuels. It may concur as much as half of the world'southward coal reserves and even larger reserves of petroleum. Deposits of coal are scattered throughout the region, just the largest are located in central and eastern Siberia. The most adult fields lie in western Siberia, in the northeastern European region, in the area around Moscow, and in the Urals. The major petroleum deposits are located in western Siberia and in the Volga-Urals. Smaller deposits are institute throughout the country. Natural gas, a resource of which Russia holds around forty percent of the world's reserves, tin can be establish along Siberia'south Arctic declension, in the Northward Caucasus, and in northwestern Russia. Major iron-ore deposits are located southward of Moscow, most the Ukrainian edge in the Kursk Magnetic Bibelot; this area contains vast deposits of iron ore that have caused a deviation in the Globe's magnetic field. There are smaller deposits in other parts of the land. The Ural mountains concord modest deposits of manganese. nickel, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum and other fe alloying elements occur in adequate quantities.
Russia also contains virtually of the nonferrous metals. Aluminium ores are scarce and are constitute primarily in the Ural region, northwestern European Russia, and south-central Siberia. Copper is more abundant and major reserves are located in the Urals, the Norilsk area virtually the mouth of the Yenisey in eastern Siberia, and the Kola Peninsula. Another vast deposit located due east of Lake Baikal only became exploited when the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railroad was finished in 1989.
The North Caucasus, far eastern Russia, and the western edge of the Kuznetsk Bowl in southern Siberia contain an abundance of lead and zinc ores. These are commonly constitute along with copper, gold, silver, and a large corporeality of other rare metals. The country has one of the largest gold reserves in the earth; by and large in Siberia and the Urals. Mercury deposits can be establish in the central and southern Urals and in s-fundamental Siberia.
Raw materials are abundant as well, including potassium and magnesium salt deposits in the Kama River region of the western Urals. Russia too contains one of the world's largest deposits of apatite found in the fundamental Kola Peninsula. Rock salt is located in the southwestern Urals and the southwest of Lake Baikal. Surface deposits of salt are constitute in salt lakes along the lower Volga Valley. Sulfur tin can exist institute in the Urals and the middle Volga Valley.
Eight per centum of the land is used for arable farming, four pct—for permanent pastures, forty-vi pct of the country is forests and woodland, and forty-2 pct is used for other purposes.
A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were i,002 km² of tidal flats in Russia, making it the 33rd ranked state in terms of tidal apartment expanse.[45]
Natural hazards [edit]
Volcanic action in the Kuril Islands and volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula are other natural hazards.
See besides [edit]
- Geography of the Soviet Spousal relationship
- Geology of Russian federation
- History of Russian federation
- List of Russian explorers
- Territorial development of Russia
Notes [edit]
- ^ Including the area of Crimea, de facto controlled by Russia, but claimed by and internationally recognised as a part of Ukraine.
- ^ Russia shares two carve up state borders with People's republic of china, the much shorter western department is further west than its country border with Mongolia.
- ^ Russia shares land borders with fourteen sovereign nations: Norway and Republic of finland to the northwest; Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine to the w, likewise as Lithuania and Poland (with Kaliningrad); Georgia and Republic of azerbaijan to the southwest; Republic of kazakhstan and Mongolia to the south; People's republic of china and North Korea to the southeast—while having maritime boundaries with Japan and the United States.
Russia too shares borders with the two partially recognized breakaway states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
- ^ Russia has an boosted 850 km (530 mi) of coastline along the Caspian Sea, which is the world'due south largest inland trunk of water, and has been variously classified every bit a sea or a lake.[2]
- ^ Exlcuding countries with overseas dependencies.
- ^ Russian federation borders, clockwise, to its southwest: the Black Sea and the Ocean of Azov; to its west: the Baltic Ocean; to its due north: the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the Pechora Bounding main, the White Sea, and the Eastward Siberian Bounding main; to its northeast: the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Ocean; and to its southeast: the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan.
- ^ Russian federation, by state area, is larger than the continents of Commonwealth of australia, Antarctica,[five] and Europe; although it covers a large part of the latter itself.
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d "Russia". National Geographic Kids. National Geographic. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Is the Caspian a sea or a lake?". The Economist. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
Like many lakes, information technology does non feed into an ocean, but information technology is bounding main-similar in its size and depth.
- ^ "Coastline - The World Factbook". Cardinal Intelligence Agency . Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- ^ a b Glenn E. Curtis, ed. (1998). "Global Position and Boundaries". Washington, D.C.: Federal Enquiry Division of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ Taylor, Callum (2 April 2018). "Russia is huge, and that's nearly the size of it". Medium . Retrieved half dozen July 2021.
Russia takes upwardly 17,098,250 square kilometres, roughly one-eighth of the world's total state mass. That's larger than the entire continent of Antarctica...
- ^ Clark, Stuart (28 July 2015). "Pluto: x things we now know nigh the dwarf planet". The Guardian . Retrieved 20 June 2021.
Pluto's diameter is larger than expected at 2,370 kilometres beyond. This is about ii-thirds the size of World'due south moon, giving Pluto a surface surface area comparable to Russian federation.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Demography, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Rosstat (2020). "Оценка численности постоянного населения на i января 2020 года и в среднем за 2019 год". gks.ru.
- ^ "Population density (people per sq. km of land area)". The World Bank . Retrieved 16 June 2021.
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- ^ "RUSSIA: Fundamental'nyj Federal'nyj Okrug – Central Federal District". City Population.de. Baronial eight, 2020. Retrieved September i, 2020.
- ^ a b "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
- ^ a b Alexander Akishin (August 17, 2017). "A 3-Hr Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis". Strelka Mag. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ "Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation". Planète Énergies. September xi, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "RUSSIA: Severo-Zapadnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Northwestern Federal District". Urban center Population.de. viii August 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Surinov, A.; et al., eds. (2016). "5. Population: Cities with population size of 1 million persons and over". Russian federation in Figures (PDF) (Report). Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). p. 82. ISBN978-5-89476-420-7 . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Оксенойт, Г. К. (2016). 31. Численность населения городов и поселков городского типа по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации. In Рахманинов, М. В. (ed.). Численность населения Российской Федерации: По муниципальным образованиям (Report) (in Russian). Москва: Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Росстат). Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ a b Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год. gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год по городским округам и муниципальным районам Красноярского края. krasstat.gks.ru. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Численность населения по муниципальным районам и городским округам Новосибирской области на ane января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год (PDF). novosibstat.gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
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- ^ Drozdov, V. A.; Glezer, O. B.; Nefedova, T. Grand.; Shabdurasulov, I. V. (1992). "Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of the Littoral Zone of the Black Body of water". GeoJournal. 27 (ii): 169. doi:10.1007/BF00717701. S2CID 128960702.
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{{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link) - ^ Georgia and the majority of the world does not recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, considering the Russian edge with these countries equally part of the Russian–Georgian edge.
- ^ Murray, N.J.; Phinn, S.R.; DeWitt, M.; Ferrari, R.; Johnston, R.; Lyons, M.B.; Clinton, North.; Thau, D.; Fuller, R.A. (2019). "The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats". Nature. 565: 222–225. doi:ten.1038/s41586-018-0805-8.
Farther reading [edit]
- Blinnikov, Mikhail S. A geography of Russia and its neighbors (Guilford Printing, 2011)
- Catchpole, Brian. A map history of Russia (1983)
- Chew, Allen F. An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders (2nd ed. 1967)
- Gilbert, Martin. Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search
- Henry, Laura A. Red to light-green: ecology activism in mail-Soviet Russian federation (2010)
- Kaiser, Robert J. The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR (1994).
- Medvedev, Andrei. Economic Geography of the Russian federation (2000)
- Parker, William Henry. An historical geography of Russia (University of London Press, 1968)
- Shaw, Denis J.B. Russia in the modern world: A new geography (Blackwell, 1998)
External links [edit]
- Bang-up Russian mural places (20 photograph)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Russia
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